3D printing has revolutionized the way we create models, prototypes, tools, and even end-use products. But not all 3D printers are the same. Two of the most popular types are Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and resin printing (commonly using SLA or MSLA technology).
Whether you’re a hobbyist, an engineer, a small business owner, or just curious about 3D printing, choosing the right type of printer depends on your specific needs.
In this guide, we’ll break down the 10 key differences between resin and FDM 3D printing, with clear pros and cons for each. By the end, you’ll know exactly which one fits your purpose.
1. Printing Technology
FDM
FDM printers work by melting plastic filament and layering it one level at a time to build the model.
Pros:
- Simpler mechanism
- Easier to understand and operate
Cons:
- Layer lines are visible
- Lower detail resolution
Resin
Resin printers use UV light to cure liquid resin layer-by-layer, creating very detailed parts.
Pros:
- Very high-resolution prints
- Smooth surfaces
Cons:
- More complex technology
- Learning curve for beginners
2. Print Quality & Detail
FDM
FDM printers are suitable for functional parts and models where extreme detail is not necessary.
Pros:
- Good for sturdy, usable prints
- Acceptable quality for most hobby projects
Cons:
- Layer lines are often visible
- Limited by nozzle size
Resin
Resin printers are known for exceptional detail, making them ideal for miniatures, jewelry, and dental models.
Pros:
- Sharp details
- Smooth surfaces without post-processing
Cons:
- Fine details may be unnecessary for some users
- Overkill for large, rough objects
3. Materials & Cost
FDM
FDM uses thermoplastic filaments like PLA and PETG.
Pros:
- Affordable filaments
- Wide variety of materials and colors
Cons:
- Some materials are prone to warping
- Mechanical properties vary
Resin
Resin printing uses liquid photopolymers, which are more expensive.
Pros:
- Specialized resins available (tough, flexible, dental)
- Better surface finish
Cons:
- Resins cost more than filament
- Shorter shelf life
4. Ease of Use
FDM
FDM printers are beginner-friendly and easier to troubleshoot.
Pros:
- More forgiving with settings
- Less messy
Cons:
- Print failures due to bed leveling or nozzle clogging
- Some maintenance required
Resin
Resin printers require more attention and post-processing.
Pros:
- Auto-leveling in some models
- Pre-supported files simplify setup
Cons:
- Handling resin requires safety precautions
- Messy cleanup process
5. Post-Processing
FDM
FDM prints can often be used right after printing, with minimal cleanup.
Pros:
- Simple supports
- Sanding and painting possible
Cons:
- Requires cleanup if supports are difficult to remove
- Might need smoothing for aesthetic parts
Resin
Resin printing requires cleaning with isopropyl alcohol and UV curing.
Pros:
- Can achieve very smooth finishes
- Ideal for highly detailed and painted models
Cons:
- Time-consuming
- Involves chemicals and UV light
6. Speed of Printing
FDM
FDM printers generally have faster print speeds, especially for large parts.
Pros:
- Large prints can be completed overnight
- Predictable build times
Cons:
- Faster speed may reduce quality
- Supports slow things down
Resin
Resin prints have a fixed exposure time per layer, which doesn’t vary by complexity.
Pros:
- Same speed for complex or simple parts
- Can print multiple items at once without slowing down
Cons:
- Generally slower for tall prints
- Post-processing adds time
7. Printer Maintenance
FDM
FDM printers need occasional maintenance of parts like the extruder and bed.
Pros:
- Easy to fix and upgrade
- Replacement parts are cheap
Cons:
- Nozzle clogs and bed leveling issues are common
Resin
Resin printers need maintenance of the LCD screen, FEP film, and resin tank.
Pros:
- Fewer moving parts
Cons:
- FEP film needs regular replacement
- Resin spills can damage parts
8. Safety & Ventilation
FDM
FDM printing is relatively safe with minimal fumes.
Pros:
- No special ventilation required for PLA
- Less exposure to harmful materials
Cons:
- ABS and similar materials produce fumes
Resin
Resin printing involves chemicals and emits strong odors.
Pros:
- Enclosed printers reduce exposure
Cons:
- Resin is toxic; gloves and masks recommended
- Requires well-ventilated area
9. Print Size & Volume
FDM
FDM printers are available in many sizes and offer larger build volumes.
Pros:
- Great for big projects like cosplay, tools, or home use
Cons:
- Bigger prints increase failure risk
Resin
Resin printers usually have smaller build areas, though large-format models exist.
Pros:
- Compact for desktop use
Cons:
- Not ideal for large parts
- Scaling up is costly
10. Best Use Cases
FDM
Best for:
- Prototypes
- Mechanical parts
- Large models
- Beginners
Pros:
- Functional and durable
- Cost-effective for daily use
Cons:
- Not suited for fine art or small intricate models
Resin
Best for:
- Miniatures Printing
- Figurines
- Jewelry molds
- Dental or medical models
Pros:
- Precision and fine detail
- Ideal for small complex models
Cons:
- Not practical for very large or simple functional parts
Final Verdict: Which Should You Choose?
Choosing between resin and FDM 3D printing depends on what matters most to you:
| Criteria | Choose FDM If… | Choose Resin If… |
|---|---|---|
| Budget | You want affordable printing | You’re okay with higher material costs |
| Detail | Basic detail is enough | You need high precision |
| Size | You plan to print large items | You focus on small, detailed prints |
| Safety | You want a low-maintenance setup | You have good ventilation and safety gear |
| Learning Curve | You’re new to 3D printing | You’re okay learning cleanup and curing |
FAQs
Is resin printing more expensive than FDM?
Yes. Resin and resin-compatible printers cost more than FDM counterparts. Also, you need extra tools for cleaning and curing.
Which is safer for home use?
FDM is safer for beginners and home environments since it doesn’t involve toxic chemicals.
Can I paint models from both printers?
Yes. Both FDM and resin models can be painted, though resin prints usually require less surface preparation.
What is the strongest type of print?
FDM prints made with durable materials like PETG or Nylon are stronger than standard resin prints.
Do I need a wash and cure station for resin printing?
Yes, it’s highly recommended. Manual cleaning can be messy and less effective.
Are resin printers harder to use?
They require more steps and care, but many users get used to the process quickly.
Conclusion
Both resin and FDM printing offer amazing possibilities in the world of 3D printing. If you want strong, large, and budget-friendly prints, FDM is the way to go. But if you’re after high-resolution, smooth, and professional-looking parts, resin printing is unmatched.
Each has its own set of strengths and weaknesses, but knowing the differences makes all the difference.