When it comes to 3D printing, one of the most common considerations is cost. Whether you’re a hobbyist, a business, or a maker, understanding the long-term costs of FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling) and resin printing is essential for making an informed decision. Both technologies have their strengths, but which one is more affordable over time?
In this article, we’ll break down the cost factors of FDM and resin printing to determine which one is cheaper in the long run, considering factors like materials, maintenance, energy consumption, and time investments.
1. Upfront Costs: Initial Printer Investment
FDM Printers
FDM printers are often more affordable upfront, with entry-level models available for as low as $200 to $500. High-end FDM printers may cost anywhere from $1000 to $3000, depending on features and build volume.
Pros:
- Affordable entry-level models
- Widespread availability
Cons:
- High-end models can still be expensive
Resin Printers
On the other hand, resin printers generally have a higher initial cost. Entry-level resin printers can be found for about $200 to $500, but more advanced models can range from $800 to $3000. This is partly due to the specialized components required for resin curing.
Pros:
- Affordable entry-level resin printers
Cons:
- Mid-range to high-end resin printers are more expensive than comparable FDM printers
2. Material Costs
FDM Printing Materials
The cost of FDM filament varies by material type. Common filaments include:
- PLA: Around $20 to $40 per kilogram
- ABS: Typically $25 to $50 per kilogram
- PETG: Around $30 to $50 per kilogram
- Nylon: Can cost $40 to $100 per kilogram
Since FDM printers use solid filament that is extruded and melted, the waste is usually minimal. A kilogram of filament can print a substantial amount of material, making it relatively cost-efficient for larger prints. PETG and PLA give different printing results.
Pros:
- Affordable filament options
- Wide selection of materials
Cons:
- Some materials like Nylon and ABS can be more expensive
Resin Printing Materials
Resin is generally more expensive than FDM filament. The cost of resin typically falls between:
- Standard resin: Around $40 to $70 per liter
- Specialty resins (tough, flexible, etc.): Can be $80 to $150 per liter
Resin prints also tend to have more waste compared to FDM, especially because unused resin needs to be carefully stored and disposed of. This can increase the cost over time.
Pros:
- Specialty resins for different applications (e.g., dental, flexible)
Cons:
- More expensive per liter than FDM filament
- More waste due to unused resin
3. Printing Speed & Efficiency
FDM Printing
FDM printers are relatively fast at producing large items, especially with larger layer heights and thicker extrusions. However, longer print times are still required for complex, detailed prints.
Pros:
- Faster for large models
- Prints can run continuously with minimal intervention
Cons:
- Long print times for intricate details, especially on large models
Resin Printing
Resin printers typically take longer to print high-detail models due to the layer-by-layer curing process. However, they can be more efficient when printing multiple small parts at once.
Pros:
- Efficient for small, high-detail prints
- Can print multiple items simultaneously
Cons:
- Slower for large prints compared to FDM
- Requires more monitoring to ensure quality
4. Maintenance Costs
FDM Printers
FDM printers generally have lower maintenance costs. You’ll mainly need to replace the nozzle (if it gets clogged) and occasionally perform maintenance on the print bed. The extruder may require periodic cleaning, but this is usually minimal.
Pros:
- Fewer components to maintain
- Relatively low-cost repairs
Cons:
- Occasional issues with clogged nozzles or filament jams
Resin Printers
Resin printers require more frequent maintenance. You’ll need to replace the FEP film (used for resin filtration), clean the resin tank, and occasionally replace the LCD screen or light source. Post-processing is also required, adding additional time and resources.
Pros:
- Longer lifespan for well-maintained resin printers
Cons:
- More frequent replacement of parts
- Post-processing adds to maintenance costs
5. Post-Processing Costs
FDM Printing
FDM prints require little post-processing. Support structures can be easily removed, and parts can be sanded or painted to improve the finish. However, intricate parts may need some additional cleanup.
Pros:
- Minimal post-processing required
- Can be used immediately after printing
Cons:
- Larger prints may require sanding or smoothing for aesthetics
Resin Printing
Post-processing for resin prints is far more involved. After printing, resin models need to be cleaned with isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and then cured under UV light. This requires additional tools, such as wash stations and curing stations, which add to the overall cost.
Pros:
- High-quality, detailed finishes
- Can achieve smoother surfaces without sanding
Cons:
- Time-consuming process
- Additional costs for cleaning and curing stations
6. Energy Consumption
FDM Printers
FDM printers use less energy overall, as they simply need to heat the extruder and print bed. Depending on the printer size and model, energy consumption typically ranges between 50 to 150 watts per hour.
Pros:
- Low power consumption
- Can run on standard power outlets
Cons:
- Energy usage increases with print time and complexity
Resin Printers
Resin printers consume more energy due to the need for UV light curing and additional heating components for the resin. Power consumption ranges between 100 to 250 watts per hour, depending on the printer’s specifications.
Pros:
- Can print multiple items at once
Cons:
- Higher energy consumption due to curing process
7. Overall Cost-Effectiveness: Which is Cheaper in the Long Run?
When we compare FDM and resin printing, it’s clear that FDM is generally the more cost-effective option for large, simple prints over time. This is due to:
- Cheaper filament costs
- Lower maintenance and energy consumption
- Minimal post-processing requirements
However, resin printing can still be a better choice in certain situations, especially for those requiring high-resolution prints. But even then, the higher material costs and the need for additional equipment (like cleaning stations) make it less affordable in the long run compared to FDM.
Final Cost Comparison Summary:
| Factor | FDM | Resin |
|---|---|---|
| Upfront Cost | Lower | Higher |
| Material Cost | Lower per kilogram | Higher per liter |
| Post-Processing | Minimal | Significant |
| Maintenance | Low | High |
| Energy Consumption | Low | High |
| Overall Cost in the Long Run | Generally cheaper | More expensive over time |
Conclusion
So, which one is cheaper in the long run? If you’re focused on affordable, functional prints and larger models, FDM printing is the more cost-effective choice. With lower material costs, maintenance needs, and energy consumption, FDM offers a clear long-term cost advantage.
On the other hand, if you require high-resolution, detailed models and smooth finishes, resin printing may still be worth considering. However, be prepared for higher material costs, more maintenance, and additional post-processing expenses.
Ultimately, the decision depends on your specific needs, but for most users, FDM will remain the cheaper option in the long run.